PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONIASIS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC IN A GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL IN GBOKO, BENUE STATE

PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONIASIS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC IN A GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL IN GBOKO, BENUE STATE

ABSTRACT

Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections globally, with significant implications for maternal and reproductive health. This study investigates the prevalence of trichomoniasis among pregnant women attending antenatal care at a government hospital in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional research design was employed, involving the collection and laboratory examination of vaginal swab samples using standard parasitological and microscopic techniques. Socio-demographic and clinical data were also analyzed to identify potential risk factors associated with infection. The findings are expected to provide insight into the burden of trichomoniasis in the study population and inform targeted interventions aimed at improving maternal health outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of routine screening, early diagnosis, and effective treatment in reducing complications associated with trichomoniasis during pregnancy.

CHAPTER ONE:

 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan that primarily infects the urogenital tract. It is recognized as a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries where access to adequate healthcare services and routine screening is limited. Among pregnant women, trichomoniasis has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery, low birth weight, and increased susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.

The prevalence of trichomoniasis varies across regions and populations, often influenced by socio-economic conditions, hygiene practices, sexual behavior, and access to medical care. In many parts of Nigeria, including Benue State, the burden of sexually transmitted infections remains high, yet trichomoniasis is frequently underdiagnosed due to its asymptomatic nature in many individuals and limited diagnostic facilities.

Pregnancy presents a critical window for screening and managing infections due to the potential impact on both maternal and fetal health. Antenatal clinics serve as strategic points for early detection and intervention. However, routine screening for trichomoniasis is not consistently implemented in many healthcare settings, thereby contributing to its persistence and transmission within communities.

This study is therefore designed to assess the prevalence of trichomoniasis among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a government hospital in Gboko, with a view to generating data that can inform public health strategies and improve maternal healthcare services.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite its high prevalence and significant health implications, trichomoniasis remains a neglected sexually transmitted infection in many developing countries. In Nigeria, limited awareness, inadequate screening practices, and poor access to diagnostic facilities contribute to the underreporting and mismanagement of the disease.

Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable due to physiological changes that may predispose them to infections. The absence of routine screening in antenatal care settings increases the risk of undetected infections, which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, untreated trichomoniasis can facilitate the transmission of other infections, thereby compounding public health challenges.

There is a scarcity of localized epidemiological data on trichomoniasis in Gboko and surrounding areas, making it difficult to design effective intervention programs. This study seeks to address this gap by determining the prevalence of trichomoniasis and identifying associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study

Aim:
To determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a government hospital in Gboko.

Specific Objectives:

• To determine the prevalence rate of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among pregnant women.
• To identify socio-demographic factors associated with trichomoniasis.
• To assess the relationship between hygiene practices and infection prevalence.
• To evaluate the awareness level of trichomoniasis among the study population.

1.4 Research Questions

• What is the prevalence of trichomoniasis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Gboko?
• What socio-demographic factors are associated with the infection?
• How do personal hygiene and behavioral practices influence infection rates?
• What is the level of awareness of trichomoniasis among pregnant women?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is of great importance to public health, particularly in improving maternal and reproductive health outcomes. The findings will provide valuable data for healthcare providers, policymakers, and public health practitioners in designing targeted interventions for the prevention and control of trichomoniasis.

For healthcare professionals, the study will highlight the need for routine screening and early treatment in antenatal care settings. It will also contribute to improving diagnostic and management practices for sexually transmitted infections.

Academically, this research will serve as a reference for future studies in parasitology, epidemiology, and maternal health, particularly within the Nigerian context.

1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study is limited to pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a government hospital in Gboko, Benue State. It focuses on the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection and associated risk factors.

Limitations may include financial constraints, limited laboratory resources, and possible reluctance of participants to provide accurate personal information. Additionally, the hospital-based nature of the study may limit the generalization of findings to the wider population.